فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 71 (پاییز 1402)

The objective of the present study was the structural model of psychological distress based on self-care and psychological resilience with the mediating role of self-compassion in patients with multiple sclerosis. The research is applicative and the research method was correlational through structural equations modeling. The statistical population included multiple sclerosis patients who were members of the Isfahan MS Association in the fall season of 2022. Three hundred and twenty patients with multiple sclerosis were selected from the statistical population as the available sampling. The results showed that Self-care has a significant direct effect on self-compassion (p < 0.05, β = 0.614) and psychological distress (p < 0.05, β = -0.478) of patients with multiple sclerosis and it was able to explain 37.7 and 22.8 percent of the variance of these variables, respectively. Also, psychological resilience has a significant direct effect on self-compassion (β = 0.545, p < 0.05) and psychological distress (β = -0.536, p < 0.05) of patients with multiple sclerosis and was able to explain 29.7 and 28.7 percent of the variance of these variables, respectively. Finally, self-compassion had a significant direct effect on psychological distress (p < 0.05, β =-0.44) of patients with multiple sclerosis and was able to explain 19.3% of the variance of this variable. Meanwhile, self-compassion has a significant mediating role in the relationship between self-care and psychological resilience with psychological distress in multiple sclerosis patients (p<0.05).

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral(CBT) therapy and metacognitive therapy(MCT) on psychological distress (stress, anxiety and depression) in drug addicts. The research method was a quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test control group and the statistical population were all drug addicts in Semnan city in the year 2021. Participants were assigned by random sampling into three groups, two experimental groups(cognitive- behavioral therapy and metacognitive therapy) and one control group. The research tool was Laviband and Laviband (1995) depression, anxiety and stress scale. Data analysis was done by multivariate covariance analysis. The findings showed that both interventions were effective in improving psychological distress in drug dependent people. Also, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments (p<0.01). According to the results of the research, cognitive-behavioral therapy and meta-cognitive therapy can be used to improve the mental health of substance dependent people.

Although there is general agreement about care and the place of self-care in personal development and excellence, but a model that can express the process of care and how self-care is formed in students, has not been presented and a clear theoretical explanation has not been provided. The present study seeks to design and develop a self-care model for high school students.This research has been done in the framework of a qualitative approach and by applying grounded theory method. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and in order to collect information, 25 high school students of jolfa were interviewed using purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding.The results of the present study show the extraction of 487 codes or basic concepts from interviews as well as the enumeration of 38 sub-categories and 9 main categories in the form of a paradigm model including: self-care process as a central category and causal conditions (2 cases), contextual factors ( 4 cases), intervening conditions (2 cases), strategies (5 cases) and Subsequent outcomes (1 case). Acquainting students with the concept of care, its limits and its types and its consequences in different fields can play a fundamental role in the institutionalization of self-care activities..

The purpose of this research was to determine the difference among effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), child-centered mindfulness instruction (Burdick) and incredible years program (IY) on decreased internalizing symptoms of first period elementary students in Tabriz. Necessary data was collected in the framework of semi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test kind and follow-up with three experimental groups and one control and administration of Achenbach' child behavior questionnaire (CBCL) – parents' version. The statistical population was all the first period elementary students of Tabriz and their mothers during 2020-2021. The sample included 40 students with their mothers that 30 people were selected as experimental groups and 10 people as control group through volunteer method and based on inclusion criteria. After holding treatment periods (parent-child interaction therapy, child-centered mindfulness and incredible years (IY) during three months and data analysis by mixed variance analysis, the results showed that treatment methods of parent-child interaction, child-centered mindfulness and incredible years program (IY) were effective on decreased scores of internalizing behaviors of the students since pre-test session till follow-up session.the results of Bonferoni's test showed that the method parent-child interaction is more effective than the treatment method of child-centered mindfulness on decreased internalizing symptoms of the students.

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching self-directed learning strategies on the academic spirit and academic self-disability of students. This research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the current research was all the students of the second year of elementary school in the academic year of 2021-2022 in Tabriz city, from which 60 people were selected by cluster random sampling and divided into two intervention and control groups (30 people for each group) were placed. Scientific spirit questionnaire (Saatchi and Kamiari, 2015) and self-handicapping scale (Bargas and Jones, 2001) were used to collect data. The data analysis was done with the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis. The findings of the research showed that the teaching of self-directed learning strategies has an effect on the academic spirit and academic self-disability of students. In fact, teaching self-directed learning strategies increases academic morale and reduces academic self-handicapping in students. Therefore, paying attention to self-directed learning strategies plays an important role in the academic spirit and self-disability of students.

The purpose of this study was to comparing effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy and cognitive behavioral couple therapy on decrease of marital burnout and depression of couples. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. The statistical population of this research was all the couples who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Kermanshah city in 1400. In the first stage, using convenience sampling method, 45 couples (90 people) were selected and then randomly divided into 2 groups (each group 15 couples to 60 people) and one contorl group (15 couples to 30 people) were replaced and experimental group underwent emotion-focused couple therapy (10 sessions 90 minutes) and group cognitive behavioral couple therapy (10 sessions 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data marital burnout questionnaire of Pines (2003) and depression inventory (BDI-II) of Beck and et al (1996). Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software was used for data analysis The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect on on decrease of marital burnout and depression of couples (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that emotion-focused couple therapy is more effective in decrease of marital burnout and depression (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study,

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of interaction analysis and emotion regulation training on maladaptive exaggeration and moral disruption in adolescents with bullying behavior.

The experimental research method was pre-test-post-test design with the control group. The statistical population included male students with signs of bullying in the first and second high schools of Gorgan in the academic year 2022-2023, 45 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). were placed Experimental group 1 received interaction analysis training, experimental group 2 received emotion regulation skills in 8 sessions of 60 minutes, The research tools were Riskind et al.'s (2000) maladaptive magnification questionnaires, Thornberg and Jangert's (2014) moral disengagement and bullying questionnaires. Research data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis and spss-23 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of mutual behavior analysis and emotion regulation training on maladaptive exaggeration and moral disruption in adolescents with bullying behavior (p<0.05), in other words, mutual behavior analysis training compared to emotion regulation training on Magnification of non-conformity and moral discontinuity has a greater effect on adolescents with bullying behavior (p<0.05).

Teaching mutual behavior analysis using techniques such as analyzing and understanding one's own behavior and accepting responsibility is more effective in reducing exaggeration and moral breakdown in adolescents with bullying behavior.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the social cognition program based on the theory of mind on social competence, cognitive processing and stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum. The design of the research was a semi-experimental pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all boys aged 8-14 with autism spectrum disorder who were members of Tabriz Khairieh Autism Institute in 2022. The study sample consisted of 22 people who were selected by purposeful sampling method and were replaced in two experimental and control groups (11 people each) and were trained for 10 sessions. Autism social skills profile (Bellini and Hopf, 2007), cognitive system evaluation by Nagleri and Das (1997) and stereotypic behaviors subscale (Garz-2, 2000) were used to collect data. Data analysis was done with the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS.21 software. The results of the research showed that the social cognition program based on the theory of mind has an effect on social competence, cognitive processing and stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum (P<0.05). In fact, the social cognition program based on the theory of mind increases social competence and cognitive processing and reduces stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum. The results of this study support the applicability and effectiveness of the social cognition program based on the theory of mind to increase cognitive processing and improve social competence and reduce stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Sexual satisfaction is one of the key features of a stable family and is known as an important indicator of the overall quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of negative mood in the association of Cognitive Schema Activation in a Sexual Context with female Sexual Satisfaction. The design and the method of the study were descriptive correlation and structural equation modeling, respectively. Participants of this study comprised 637 female students of Tehran universities, who were selected by the Purposive sampling method. The Questionnaire of Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS), and Sexual Satisfaction Scale (SSSW), were employed to collect the required data. Also, SPSS23 and LISREL8.8 software were used for data analysis. The results of SEM indicated that Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context, both directly and indirectly (through negative mood), affects women's Sexual Satisfaction. Evaluating the hypothetical model of the study employing the fitting indices revealed that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model (CFI = 0.98, NFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.058). Consistent with Nober's model, the results of this study showed that Cognitive Schema Activation in a Sexual Context affects female Sexual Satisfaction. In addition, these findings highlight that in addition to the physiological factors, emotional and cognitive factors are similarly significant in defining sexual satisfaction.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural model of social anxiety based on maladaptive perfectionism and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation with mediator role of rumination. The present research is the correlation study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population in this research included high school students of Kashan city in academic year of 2021-2022. The sample size was selected based on Kline model (2016) and with random cluster sampling method of 342 students. Data collection tools included the social phobia inventory of Connor and et al (2000), perfectionism inventory of Hill and et al (2004) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnefski and Kraaij (2007) and ruminative response scale of Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1991). Statistical analysis of data was performed using AMOS-24 software. The findings showed that the direct effect of uncompromising perfectionism (β=0.371 and sig=0.001), maladaptive emotion cognitive regulation (β=0.186 and sig=0.043) and rumination (163 β=0.019 and sig=0.019) were positively significant on social anxiety. Also, the results showed that rumination has a mediating role in relationship between uncompromising perfectionism (lower bounds 0.003 and upper bounds 0.068, sig=0.012) and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (lower bounds 0.023 and upper bounds 0.184 (0.020, sig=0.020) with social anxiety. Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSEA=0/070, P-value<0/05) and analyses also revealed that %41 of variance of depression was explained by maladaptive perfectionism and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation through the mediating role of rumination.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the cognitive-emotional theory of mind on improving hot and cold empathy in children who have been victims of child abuse. In line with this goal, 2 child victims of emotional abuse were purposefully selected in the form of a single-subject experimental design with a single baseline. According to the research design, in the baseline stage, the subjects' cold and hot empathy status were measured using the Dads et al questionnaire. Then, in the intervention phase, the skills of psycho-emotional theory were implemented during twelve sessions based on Hall et al model. In this regard, during the fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth and twelfth sessions, the subjects' cold and hot empathy were measured. For data analysis, the ocular and graph analysis methods were used and the percentage of effect size and improvement was calculated. Data analysis indicated that teaching the skills of the emotional-cognitive theory of mind is clinically effective in improving the hot and cold empathy of child victims of emotional abuse. These findings have practical implications in the clinical field and indicate that the promotion and improvement of the theory of mind protects children from the harms caused by emotional abuse.

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of positivist psychotherapy on the psychological capital and social competence in married childless women. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group method. The follow-up stage was a two-month period too. The statistical population of the study included married childless women in the city of Isfahan in the spring of 2022. Thirty five married childless women were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 women in the experimental group and 17 in the control group). The women in the experimental group received ten ninety-minute sessions of positivist psychotherapy during two-and-a-half months. The applied questionnaires in the study included psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans, Avolive, 2007) and social competence questionnaire (Felner, et.al., 1990). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that positivist psychotherapy has significant effect on the psychological capital (F=58.96; Eta=0.64; P<0001) and social competence (F=34.39; Eta=0.51; P<0001) of married childless women. According to the findings of the study it can be concluded that positivist psychotherapy can be used as an efficient method to improve psychological capital and social competence of married childless women through employing techniques such as positive vision toward the life, training optimism and hope to the future.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Dating Violence Questionnaire. In this descriptive-analytical study, 240 students (171 females and 69 males) of Tabriz University were selected by convenience sampling method and completed Dating Violence Questionnaire (DVQ+), Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) and Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS). Data were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient and investigating construct validity and criterion validity of questionnaire in Spss-24 and Amos-24 software. The results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the 8-factor model of this questionnaire (with slight changes). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.94, and for the factors ranged from 0.86 (Humiliation in public) to 0.93 (Humiliation). Also, the criterion validity of the questionnaire was evaluated favorably by correlating it with the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (r=0.20; p<0.01) and Relationship Assessment Scale (r=-0.46; p<0.01), and its construct validity was confirmed by using convergent and divergent validity. According to the obtained results, it can be said that the DVQ+ has desirable psychometric properties and good adaptation in Iranian society. Therefore, this questionnaire can be used for research and clinical purposes in the dating and sexual violence research area.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the curriculum based on positive education on the academic motivation, academic enthusiasm and academic well-being of elementary school students in the social studies course. The current research method was quasi-experimental and in the form of a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all primary school students in Tabriz city, and the statistical sample, due to its semi-experimental nature, included 30 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) who were randomly selected in a multi-stage cluster. In order to collect data, Harter's academic motivation questionnaire (1980), Fredericks and Blumenfeld's academic enthusiasm questionnaire (2004) and Tominin-Sweeney et al.'s academic well-being questionnaire (2012) were used, and univariate and multivariate covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. . The findings of the research showed that education based on positive education has a positive effect on academic motivation (internal motivation and external motivation), academic well-being and academic enthusiasm. Therefore, it is possible to increase the level of internal motivation and external motivation, academic well-being and academic enthusiasm of students by using curricula based on positive education

The purpose of this research was the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on death anxiety and Psychological hardiness in students with emotional distress. The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this research included all the students of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch in 2022. The sample size includes 30 people (15 subject in the experimental group and 15 subject in the control group) from the statistical population were selected by available targeted method and they were placed in two control and experimental groups. For the experimental group, acceptance and commitment was implemented, while the control group did not receive training. The research tools included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Laubiond and Laubiond, 1995), the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970) and the Psychological Handiness Questionnaire (Long and Goulet, 2003). The data was analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements. The results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment had a significant effect on improving death anxiety and psychological hardiness in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.001). The findings of this research provide useful information about acceptance and commitment-based therapy, and counselors and psychologists can use this intervention to improve death anxiety and psychological hardiness in emotionally distress students.

Personal characteristics and abilities and reflecting on them, which is referred to as self-affirmation, can be the basis for increasing self-esteem, psychological and physiological well-being, academic progress and academic motivation of students. Therefore, the lack of a suitable tool to measure it in students, caused Harris et al. (2019) automatic self-verification measurement of translation and its psychometric characteristics to be investigated in this research. The current research is a descriptive research of the correlation type. The statistical population was all male students in the third grade of secondary schools in Ilam in the 2021-2022, of which 330 were selected by one-stage cluster random method. The obtained correlation was positive for convergent validity with the intrinsic motivation subscale of Harter (1980) (p<0.05) and negative for divergent validity with the depression, anxiety and stress questionnaire (DASS-21) of Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) (p<0.05). The obtained correlation was positive for convergent validity (p<0.05) and negative for divergent validity (p<0.05). In addition, the result of the study shows a desirable suitability of parameters. (RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.944, GFI = 0.906, CMIN/DF= 3.21). The results of the factor analysis showed that the three factor model including abilities, values and social relations of this measure had the best fit with a suitable factor load (at least 0.70). The reliability of this measure was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method, whose coefficients were reported as 0.93 for the whole Measure, 0.85 for the first factor, 0.82 for the second factor and 0.87 for the third factor.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Mentalization based therapy on the difficulty of emotional regulation and aggression of depressed female adolescents. The research method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and a two-month follow-up phase and follow-up period in two months. The statistical population of the present study included female adolescents with depressive disorder who referred to education counseling centers in Babol city in the academic year of 2021-2022. 30 female adolescent with depressive disorder were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (15 adolescent in the experimental group and 15 adolescent in the control group). The experimental group received Mentalization based therapy (10 sessions) during 10 weeks (90 minutes). The applied questionnaires in this study included Adolescent Depression Questionnaire (Kutcher, 2002), Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992). The data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up test via SPSS23 software. The results showed that Mentalization based therapy is effective on the difficulty of emotional regulation (F=33.28; Eta=0.54; p<0001) and aggression (F=48.60; Eta=0.63; p<0001) of depressed female adolescents. According to the findings of the present study, Mentalization based therapy can be used as an efficient method to decreace difficulty of emotional regulation and aggression of depressed female adolescents through employing techniques such as thoughts, emotions, and behaviors associated with mindfulness.

Objective:

 The aim of this research was to Investigating the structural relationships of alexithymia, impulsivity, distress tolerance and self-criticism with self-injury in students with the mediating role of hopelessness.

this research was applicable and in regard to procedure, it was a correlation study. The study community included all male and female students of the high school of Ardabil City in 2021-2022, that among them 635 students selected as samples by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research questionnaires included: Klonsky and Glenn's (2009) Self-Injury Report Scale (2009), Toronto alexithymia Scale-20 (2003), Kazdin's Children Hopelessness Scale (1986), Simons & Gaher's Distress Tolerance Scale (2005), Barrett's Impulsivity Scale (1950) and Thompson and Zuroff's Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (2004).To analyze the research data, the structural equation modeling method was used, which was performed using Lisrel 8.8 software.

The results showed that the standardized coefficient is the path of direct effects of alexithymia, impulsivity, distress tolerance and self-criticism with self-injury are significant at 0.01 alpha level (p < 0.01). Finally, the indirect coefficient related to the alexithymia, impulsivity, distress tolerance and self-criticism with self-injury by mediating the role of hopelessness were significant at 0.01 alpha level.

Considering that in alexithymia, impulsivity, distress tolerance, self-criticism and hopelessness are effective factors in self-injury without non-suicidal self-injury, Therefore, the findings of this research can greatly help prevent this behavior, planning educational treatment programs and treatment Designing therapeutic intervention

The current research was conducted with the aim of the impact of educational ‎misconduct and neglect in the executive functions of second year elementary school ‎students in Urmia city. This research is descriptive of the type of correlation studies. ‎The statistical population of the students of the second year of elementary school in ‎Urmia city in the academic year of 2021-2022, whose number is 14326 according to ‎the report of the Department of Education, which was selected from this population ‎using Morgan's table and cluster random sampling method. 374 people were selected ‎and participated in the study. To collect data, Coolidge's Neuropsychological and ‎Personality Questionnaire (2000) and Educational Misbehavior and Negligence ‎Questionnaire (2008) were used. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation ‎and multivariate regression analysis simultaneously. The results of the research ‎showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between educational ‎misconduct and neglect with executive functions and organizational, decision-‎making-planning and prevention components. With the increase in educational ‎misconduct and neglect, the degree of weakness in executive functions and ‎components of organization, decision-making-planning and inhibition increases. ‎Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that the variables of educational ‎misconduct and neglect are able to meaningfully predict changes in executive ‎functions and components of organization, decision-making-planning and inhibition. ‎Therefore, the variables of educational misconduct and neglect play an important ‎role in students' executive functions.‎

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of combined package of time perspective and mindfulness on the academic resilience and academic engagement of students with learned helplessness. The present study was semi experimental (with experimental and control groups) with three-stage (pretest, posttest, follow-up) and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the present study included students suffering from learned helplessness in the second year of high school in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2020-21. 34 student with the learned helplessness were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental (18 students) and control groups (16 students). The experimental group received 12 ninty-five-minute sessions of combined package of time perspective and mindfulness during twelve weeks. The applied questionnaires included Learned Helplessness Questionnaire (Quinless, Nelson, 1988) (LHS), Academic Engagement Questionnaire (Fredericks, Blumenfeld, Paris, 2004) (AEQ), Academic Resilience Questionnaire (Samuels, 2004) (ARQ). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA method via SPSS23 software. The results showed that package of time perspective and mindfulness has significant effect on the academic resilience (F=44.13; Eta=0.58; P<0001) academic engagement (F=43; Eta=0.57; P<0001) of the students with learned helplessness. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that package of time perspective and mindfulness can be used as an efficient method to improve academic resilience and academic engagement of students with learned helplessness through applying the theoretical and therapeutic concepts related to time perspective and mindfulness.

This research conducted with the aim of investigate the effectiveness of Redecision Therapy on reducing latent marital communication aggression, changing communication patterns and reducing the emotional insufficiency of conflicting couples. The research method was quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a testifier group. The statistical population of this study was maladapted couples referring to Bijar city counseling centers (2 centers) in 1398. By purposive sampling method, 30 couples (60 people) were selected as a statistical sample. Experimental group Were located Under Redecision Therapy intervention in 10 sessions of 1.5 hours While the group did not receive any treatment. The Hidden Communication Aggression Scale (Nelson and Cowell, 2006), Communication Patterns (Christensen and Heavey, 1990) and Toronto Emotional Dysfunction (Bugby, Taylor, and Parker) were used to collect data.SPSS-21 software was used to analyze the data and multivariate analysis of covariance was used at the inferential level.The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the post-test of the experimental and control groups in terms of dependent variables (latent marital communication aggression, emotional insufficiency and mutually constructive communication patterns, reciprocal avoidance, expectation / withdrawal) (p<0/000). These results indicate effectiveness of Redecision Therapy on reducing latent marital communication aggression, changing communication patterns and reducing the emotional insufficiency of conflicting couples.

this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the combined effectiveness of emotion regulation therapy and compassion therapy on the experiential avoidance of women who have experienced domestic violence. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The target population of the current study was all women aged 20 to 40 affected by domestic violence who referred to psychological and counseling clinics and legal medical centers in Mashhad. 20 people were selected by voluntary sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups. and control were divided. For data collection, the multidimensional experimental avoidance questionnaire of Gamez et al. (2011) was used. The intervention experimental group received emotion-oriented integrated therapy based on compassion in 10 sessions of 60 minutes. Finally, the research data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis. The findings of the research showed that the combination of emotion regulation therapy and compassion therapy has reduced experiential avoidance in women who have experienced domestic violence. Based on the findings of the research, taking into account the important role of women in society and family and the need to pay attention to their mental health, it is necessary to hold training workshops in the field of compassion therapy and emotion regulation therapy in counseling and rehabilitation centers

The aim of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapy for Children on increasing attentional control and reducing attention bias towards threat in anxious children. The present study was a Single-subject study with Multiple Baseline. The statistical sample of this study included all children aged 9 to 13 referred to the health centers of Qom city and according to the research literature in the field of single subject designs, 3 subjects were considered for the implementation of the treatment protocol. Data was collected using the Kiddie schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia- Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Attentional Control Scale for Children (ACS-C) and Dot Probe Task. The treatment protocol included 8 weekly individual sessions with children and 2 sessions with parents too. Data was analyzed using visual analysis, percentage of improvement and effect size (Cohen's d). The findings show that all three subjects had an increasing trend in attentional control and a decreasing trend in attention bias, so that the metacognitive therapy for children with the effect size (d=0/51) was an effective treatment in increasing children's attentional control. As well as, this treatment was effective in reducing attention bias towards threat with effect size (d= 3/37). Based on the results of this research, metacognitive therapy for children can be an effective Therapy in increasing attentional control and reducing attention bias towards threat in children with anxiety disorders.

The present study was conducted with the purpose of testing the structural model of relationships between insecure attachment styles and suicidal tendency, considering the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies and interpersonal cognitive distortions in married women of Isfahan city. The design of the present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research included married women referring to health centers in Isfahan city, 350 of whom were selected using the quota sampling method. The participants responded to the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR)-short form (Wei and etal, 2007), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski and etal, 2001) and the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions (Hamamci & Büyüköztürk, 2004), and Multi-attitude suicide tendency (Orbach and etal, 1991) scales. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 statistical software. The results of testing the model showed that the fit indices related to the research model have a good fit with the experimental data. Examining the parameters of the model also showed that all the coefficients of the paths, except for the path of anxious attachment to suicidal tendency, and the indirect effects of the model are significant (p˂.01). Negative emotional cognitive regulation strategies and interpersonal cognitive distortions can explain the relationship between insecure attachment styles and suicidal tendencies as mediator variables.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy on attachment, intimacy and marital satisfaction of couples with marital conflicts. The research method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and a two-month follow-up phase and follow-up period in two months. The statistical population of the present study included couples with marital conflicts who referred to the Zharfa and Ravan Parvaz counseling center in the 3rd district of Tehran in the first six months of 2020. 30 couples (60 people) were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (15 couples in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). After dropping, the final sample number was 25 couples (13 couples in the experimental group and 12 couples in the control group). The experimental group received reality therapy (14 sessions) during 14 weeks (90 minutes). The applied questionnaires in this study included marital conflict questionnaire (Barati, 1996), marital intimacy questionnaire (Bagarouzi, 2001), Adult attachment scale (Collins, Read, 1990) and marital satisfaction (Olson, 1996). The results showed that reality therapy is effective on the avoidant attachment style, anxious and secure, marital intimacy and marital satisfaction of the couples with marital conflicts. According to the findings of the present study, schema the reality therapy rapy can be used as an efficient approach to improve attachment, intimacy and marital satisfaction of couples with marital conflicts through focusing on the present time, avoid inconsistent criticism and training accountability.

The experience of anxiety is one of the basic challenges of patients suffering from migraine headaches, which requires providing effective interventions for it. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety in patients with migraine headaches. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a one-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research was women suffering from chronic migraine headaches who had visited Sari hospitals in 2022. 45 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (15 people in each group). The research tool included the Depression- Anxiety- Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Mindfulness therapy group and cognitive behavioral therapy group received 8 sessions of intervention. The results of repeated measurement variance analysis showed that the source of changes was time (P=0.001 and F=57.59), group (P= 0.001 and F=39.06) and the interaction between time and group (P=0.001 and F=12/83) is significant. Bonferroni pairwise comparison showed that the mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy groups had a significantly lower average in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group (P<0.01). Also, the results showed that the cognitive-behavioral group had a lower average anxiety level compared to the mindfulness group in the post-test (P=0.05) and follow-up (P=0.05) stages. The results of the research showed the preference of using cognitive behavioral therapy compared to mindfulness therapy to improve anxiety in patients with migraine headaches by psychologists and migraine headache treatment centers.

One of the most important issues for freshmen is the basic attention to their academic satisfaction and adaptation with the university. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the structural model of harm of choosing major process on adaptation with university and academic satisfaction with the mediating role of psychological capital. The design of the current research was of the correlation type using the structural equation modeling method. Among the 2490 freshmen through the national exam of Tabriz University in the academic year 2021-2022, 212 students were selected in a targeted manner and answered questionnaires of harm of choosing major process (Naeimi et al., 2022), adaptation with the university (Baker and Siriak, 1989 ), academic satisfaction (Ahmadi, 2018) and psychological capital (Lutans et al., 2007). To analyze the data, the structural equation modeling method and Amos18 software were used. The findings showed that the direct effect of psychological-individual issues on students' adaptation with university (-0.76) and academic satisfaction (-0.63) is negatively significant (P> 0/001). Also, the results showed that educational-social problems and structural-management defects indirectly (P> 0/001) and through psychological capital have an effect on academic satisfaction (+1/27) and adaptation with university (+1/34). Conclusion In general, it can be said that the harms of the field selection process and psychological capital can play an important role in the satisfaction of students' education and adaptation.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the mediational role of emotion dysregulation in the association between reflective functioning and social trust.

This study was descriptive-correlational and its statistical population included university students across 20 provinces of Iran. Our sample was composed of 441 university students (291 female, 150 male), who were recruited through convenience sampling. All participants completed a battery of self-report measures, including the Social Trust Questionnaire (Saffarinia & Sharif, 1392), Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Fonagy et al., 2016), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–Short Form (Kaufman et al., 2016). Descriptive analyses were conducted using SPSS v26, and mediation testing was carried out using PROCESS macro v4.1.

Correlation analyses demonstrated significant associations between all variables (p<.001). The total effect of reflective functioning on social trust was significant, as well as the direct effect of reflective functioning on emotion dysregulation, and the direct effect of emotion dysregulation on social trust (p<.001). When emotion dysregulation was entered as a mediator, the direct effect of reflective functioning on social trust did not remain significant (p>.01), while the indirect effect mediated by emotion dysregulation was significant (CI: -.061 to -.192).

Our findings support the role of self-focused reflective functioning in the development of social mistrust. Unawareness of the mental states of oneself leads to intrapersonal and interpersonal dysregulation of emotions. In turn, belief in the untrustworthiness of others may stem from the projection of internal feelings or emotion dysregulation.

The aim of present study was to develop a model of cognitive regulation of emotion based on perfectionism with the mediation of the behavioral activation and inhibition system.

The research was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all undergraduate students of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan city who were studying in this university in the academic year of 1400-1401, according to the size of the population (7685) and using Morgan's table, 382 students (258 female and 124 male) were selected by available sampling method and considering the research criteria.The research tools included the cognitive emotion regulation scale by Garnofsky et al. (2001), the perfectionism scale by Terry Short et al. (1995), and the behavioral activation and inhibition system scale by Carver and White (1994). SPSS version 22 software was used for data analysis and Lisrel version 8.8 software was used to test the relationships between variables and final hypotheses.

The results showed that the explanatory model of the cognitive regulation of emotion based on perfectionism with the mediating role of the behavioral activation and inhibition system has a favorable fit (p<0.01). Also, behavioral activation and inhibition systems play a significant mediating role between perfectionism and cognitive emotion regulation (p<0.01). The findings of this research indicate that Perfectionism and factors such as behavioral activation and inhibition system play an important role in the cognitive regulation of emotion.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of story therapy on aggression, anxiety and social fear in children with coping disobedience disorder with one month follow-up. The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all female students with confrontational disobedience disorder who were studying in Tabriz schools in the academic year of 2019-2020. After screening, 40 students with higher scores on the confrontational disobedience scale. Were obtained, selected, and randomly assigned to two groups of 20 individuals. For data collection, Shahim Aggression Questionnaire, Spence et al.'s Anxiety Questionnaire and Masia et al.'s Social Fear Questionnaire were used. Analysis of covariance and repeated measures test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that story therapy has an effect on aggression, anxiety and social fear in students with confrontational disobedience disorder and reduces aggression, anxiety and social fear in them. The results also showed that the effectiveness of story therapy on aggression, anxiety and social fear is stable. Paying attention to story therapy can play an important role in improving children's psychological problems.